Rheumatoid Foot

Rheumatoid foot results from rheumatoid arthritis complications. The main causes include:

• Joint Inflammation: Rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation in the joints, which can affect the foot and cause deformities over time.
• Cartilage Wear: Chronic inflammation can lead to cartilage wear in foot joints, contributing to pain and deformity.
• Soft Tissue Changes: Inflammation can affect tendons and ligaments around joints, leading to changes in foot shape and function.
• Genetics and Predisposition: Rheumatoid arthritis may have a genetic predisposition, and certain genetic factors may increase the risk of developing the condition and its complications.

Symptoms of rheumatoid foot can vary in severity and usually include:

• Joint Pain: Persistent pain in foot joints, which can worsen with activity and improve with rest.
• Swelling and Inflammation: Increased joint volume, accompanied by redness and warmth.
• Joint Stiffness: Difficulty moving joints, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Deformities: Changes in foot shape, such as development of bunions (Hallux Valgus), claw toes or hammer toes, and other deformities.
• Mobility Difficulty: Reduced ability to walk or perform daily activities due to pain and stiffness.

To diagnose rheumatoid foot, doctors use:

• Physical Examination: Assessment of pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformities in the feet. The doctor examines range of motion and joint condition.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays can reveal changes in joints and degree of cartilage wear. In some cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can offer a more detailed view of internal structures.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to detect inflammatory markers and specific antibodies, such as rheumatoid factor, which help confirm presence of rheumatoid arthritis.

Treatment of rheumatoid foot aims to relieve symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. Options include:

• Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs), and biological agents can be used to control inflammation and pain.
• Physical Therapy: Specific exercises to improve mobility, strengthen muscles around joints, and relieve pain.
• Appropriate Footwear: Use of orthopedic shoes with good support and sufficient space to accommodate foot deformities.
• Support Devices: Orthopedic insoles and supports can help reduce pressure on joints and improve foot function.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to correct deformities, relieve pain, or restore joint function.

Although rheumatoid arthritis cannot be completely prevented, some measures can help reduce risk of foot complications:

• Early Treatment: Starting rheumatoid arthritis treatment as early as possible can help control symptoms and prevent deformities.
• Foot Care: Maintain good foot hygiene and use appropriate footwear to avoid injuries and discomfort.
• Disease Control: Follow the treatment plan prescribed by the doctor and have regular follow-up to monitor disease progression and adjust treatment as needed.