Müller-Weiss Disease

The causes of Müller-Weiss Disease are not entirely clear, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors, including:

• Genetic Factors: There may be a genetic predisposition to the disease, although there is no conclusive evidence.
• Overuse or Trauma: Activities involving excessive pressure on the foot or repetitive injuries may contribute to the condition's development.
• Biomechanical Changes: Foot mechanics anomalies, such as high arch (cavus foot), may exert additional force on the navicular bone.
• Vascular Changes: Reduced blood flow to the navicular bone may lead to its degeneration, although this hypothesis is not completely confirmed.

Symptoms of Müller-Weiss Disease can vary but generally include:

• Foot Pain: Localized pain in the medial part of the foot, often aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.
• Stiffness: Difficulty moving the foot or performing activities involving foot flexion and extension.
• Swelling: Fluid accumulation around the navicular bone, which can cause a visible increase in volume in the area.
• Foot Deformity: Changes in foot structure, such as a high arch or alteration in foot shape, may be observed over time.
• Tired Sensation: Feeling of fatigue when bearing weight or walking, due to altered foot biomechanics.

To diagnose Müller-Weiss Disease, doctors use:

• Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and changes in foot structure. The doctor may perform specific tests to evaluate foot function and identify pain areas.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays are fundamental to visualize changes in the navicular bone and confirm diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to obtain a more detailed view of bone changes and soft tissues.

Treatment of Müller-Weiss Disease aims to relieve symptoms and improve foot function. Options include:

• Conservative Treatment: Includes rest, ice application, use of orthopedic insoles to support the foot arch, and physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the foot and improve mobility.
• Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to control pain and inflammation associated with the condition.
• Activity Modification: Reducing or avoiding activities that cause pain and additional pressure on the foot can help relieve symptoms.
• Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatments are not effective, surgery may be necessary. Surgical procedures may include correction of navicular bone deformity, removal of bone fragments, or foot joint reconstruction.

Although it's not possible to completely prevent Müller-Weiss Disease, some measures can help reduce risk and disease progression:

• Use of Appropriate Footwear: Footwear that offers adequate support and cushioning can help protect the foot and reduce stress on the navicular bone.
• Muscle Strengthening: Exercises to strengthen leg and foot muscles can improve stability and foot biomechanics.
• Weight Care: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce load on the foot and help prevent condition worsening.