Metatarsalgia

Causes of metatarsalgia may include:

• Excessive Pressure: Activities that place additional pressure on the forefoot, such as running, jumping, or walking long distances, can lead to metatarsalgia.
• Inadequate Footwear: Shoes that don't offer adequate support, have high heels, or have a shape that exerts excessive pressure on the forefoot can contribute to the condition's development.
• Changes in Foot Biomechanics: Anomalies such as flat feet, high arch, or other deformities can alter how weight is distributed over the metatarsals.
• Repetitive Injuries: Repetitive movements involving the forefoot, such as those performed in impact sports, can cause irritation and inflammation in the metatarsals.
• Age and Weight: Aging and excess weight can increase stress on the metatarsals and contribute to pain and discomfort.

Common symptoms of metatarsalgia include:

• Forefoot Pain: Localized pain in the front of the foot, usually in the metatarsal heads. Pain may worsen with activity and improve with rest.
• Swelling: Increased volume in the affected area, which may be visible to touch.
• Burning Sensation: Burning sensation in the area, which may occur along with pain.
• Movement Difficulty: Discomfort when performing movements involving the forefoot, such as walking or running.
• Discomfort when Touching: Increased sensitivity to touch in the metatarsal region.

To diagnose metatarsalgia, doctors use:

• Physical Examination: Assessment of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and sensitivity in the forefoot region. The doctor may perform specific tests to identify the exact pain area and assess foot function.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound and X-rays can be used to identify bone changes and rule out other conditions that may cause foot pain. In some cases, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be necessary for a more detailed assessment.

Treatment of metatarsalgia aims to relieve pain and improve foot function. Options include:

• Conservative Treatment: Includes rest, ice application, use of orthopedic insoles or pads to redistribute pressure on the foot and relieve load on the metatarsals.
• Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to control pain and inflammation.
• Activity Modification: Reducing or avoiding activities that cause pain and additional stress on the foot can help relieve symptoms.
• Physical Therapy: Specific exercises to strengthen muscles around the foot and improve movement mechanics can be beneficial.
• Appropriate Footwear: Use of footwear that offers support and cushioning can help reduce pressure on the metatarsals and improve comfort.

Some preventive measures include:

• Use of Appropriate Footwear: Choosing footwear that offers support, cushioning, and sufficient toe space can help avoid metatarsalgia.
• Muscle Strengthening: Exercises to strengthen foot and leg muscles can improve stability and weight distribution.
• Weight Control: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the metatarsals and help prevent condition worsening.
• Attention to Biomechanics: Correcting foot biomechanics anomalies and making adjustments to gait pattern can help prevent injuries and discomfort.