Metatarsal Fractures

Metatarsal fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Direct Trauma: Strong impacts, such as those resulting from falls, car accidents, or sports injuries, can cause fractures in the metatarsals.
• Stress Injuries: Repetitive movements and activities involving excessive load on the foot, such as intense running or frequent jumping, can lead to stress fractures in the metatarsals.
• Falls and Traumas: Falls that result in direct impact on the foot or accidental stepping on hard surfaces can cause metatarsal fractures.
• Work Accidents: Certain work environments, especially those involving moving heavy objects or direct pressure on the foot, can increase fracture risk.

Symptoms of metatarsal fractures may include:

• Intense Pain: Localized pain in the middle of the foot, which can be sudden and severe, especially when trying to bear weight or move the foot.
• Swelling: Increased volume and fluid accumulation around the fracture area, often extending to the foot arch and upper part.
• Bruising: Formation of purple bruising or dark coloration in the fracture area.
• Movement Difficulty: Significant reduction in ability to move the foot or bear weight due to pain and swelling.
• Visible Deformity: In severe cases, there may be a visible deformity or misalignment of the metatarsal bones.

To diagnose metatarsal fractures, doctors use:

• Physical Examination: Assessment of pain, swelling, deformity, and foot movement capability. The doctor may perform specific tests to identify exact fracture area and evaluate joint stability.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays are the main tool to identify fractures and assess severity. In some cases, computed tomography (CT) may be used to obtain a more detailed view of fractures and bone fragments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be useful to evaluate soft tissue injuries and joint structures.

Treatment of metatarsal fractures can vary depending on injury severity:

• Conservative Treatment: For non-displaced or less severe fractures, treatment may include immobilization with cast or splint, rest, and elevation to reduce swelling. Use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications can help control pain and inflammation.
• Physical Therapy: After cast removal, physical therapy is essential to strengthen muscles around the foot, improve range of motion, and restore normal function.
• Surgery: In displaced or complex fractures, surgery may be necessary to realign bones and stabilize the joint. Surgery may involve placement of plates, screws, or wires to keep bones in correct position during healing.

Some preventive measures include:

• Appropriate Footwear: Footwear that offers adequate support and cushioning can help protect metatarsal bones and reduce fracture risk.
• Muscle Strengthening: Exercises to strengthen leg and foot muscles can help improve stability and reduce injury risk.
• Care During Activities: Maintaining awareness of surroundings and avoiding sudden or excessive movements can reduce fracture risk.
• Use of Protective Equipment: In high-risk activities, such as sports or work, use of appropriate footwear and additional protection can help prevent serious injuries.