Adult Flat Foot

What is Adult Flat Foot?

Flat foot, also known as fallen arches or pes planus, is a condition where the foot’s arch is reduced or absent, causing the sole of the foot to completely touch the ground when the person is standing. Although flat foot is often diagnosed in children, it can persist into adulthood or develop over time. This problem can affect posture and gait, and in some cases, can cause discomfort or pain.

Causes of Adult Flat Foot

Adult flat foot can result from various causes, including:

Genetic Development: Genetic predisposition can cause some adults to have flat feet, especially if the condition was present in childhood.
Muscle Weakness: Weakness in muscles and tendons that support the foot arch can lead to development or worsening of flat foot.
Injuries: Trauma or injuries to the foot or ankle can affect arch structure, leading to flat foot.
Tendon Problems: Deterioration or rupture of tendons, especially the posterior tibial tendon, can contribute to flat foot.
Arthritic Conditions: Certain joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can affect foot structure and lead to flat foot.
Inadequate Footwear: Prolonged use of inadequate footwear can weaken foot structure and contribute to flat foot development.

Symptoms of Adult Flat Foot

Symptoms of flat foot can vary and may include:

Pain: Discomfort in the bottom of the foot, ankle, or legs, especially after long periods of standing or walking.
Fatigue: Feeling of tiredness in legs and feet after prolonged physical activities.
Gait Changes: Changes in walking pattern, which can lead to unbalanced posture.
Swelling: Swelling in the ankle or sole of the foot, especially after intense physical activity.

Diagnosis of Adult Flat Foot

To diagnose flat foot, doctors use:

Physical examination: Assessment of foot posture, gait, and pain. The doctor may ask the patient to stand and walk to observe arch structure.
Imaging Tests: Weight-bearing X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate bone structure and soft tissues of the foot, and to identify possible underlying causes.

Treatment of Adult Flat Foot

Treatment can vary according to symptom severity and underlying cause:

Conservative: Includes use of orthopedic insoles or arch supports to improve weight distribution and relieve pressure. Use of adequate and comfortable footwear is also recommended.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises of foot and ankle muscles and tendons can help improve function and reduce pain.
Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to control pain and inflammation.
Activity modification: Adjusting or avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms may be necessary.
Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatment is not effective, surgery may be considered to correct foot structure and restore arch function.

Prevention of Adult Flat Foot

Some preventive measures include:

Use of appropriate footwear: Choose footwear with good arch support and cushioning to reduce impact and stress on the foot.
Strengthening and stretching: Perform regular exercises to strengthen foot muscles and improve flexibility.
Maintaining a healthy weight: Maintain appropriate body weight to reduce pressure on feet and ankles.

Conclusion

Adult flat foot can cause discomfort and affect quality of life, but with the right approach, it’s possible to control symptoms and improve foot function. Identifying symptoms early and seeking medical evaluation are important steps for effective treatment. With appropriate interventions and preventive measures, many adults can relieve pain and maintain an active and comfortable life.