Achilles Tendon Rupture

Common causes include:

• Trauma: Direct impact or sudden injury, such as a forced jump or a blow to the heel region, can lead to rupture.
• Sudden movements: Abrupt movements, such as a rapid change in direction during sports activity or running, can cause excessive stress on the tendon and lead to rupture.
• Overuse: Repetitive or strenuous activities, especially without proper warm-up, can weaken the tendon over time, increasing rupture risk.
• Degeneration: Tendon degeneration due to aging or pre-existing medical conditions can make the tendon more susceptible to ruptures.

Typical symptoms include:

• Intense pain: Sudden and severe pain in the back of the ankle, often described as feeling like being hit by a punch or a stone.
• Swelling: Fluid accumulation and swelling around the heel and back of the ankle.
• Difficulty moving: Inability to lift the heel off the ground or difficulty walking normally.
• Weakness sensation: Feeling of weakness or instability when trying to walk or run.

To diagnose this injury, doctors use:

• Physical examination: Assessment of pain, swelling, and ankle range of motion. The Thompson test, which involves compression of the calf muscle, can help determine if the tendon is ruptured.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to visualize the extent of rupture and confirm diagnosis.

Treatment can vary depending on rupture severity and patient's general condition:

• Conservative: Includes rest, ice application, ankle elevation, and use of an immobilization boot to allow healing. Physical therapy is recommended to recover tendon strength and flexibility.
• Surgical: In cases of complete rupture or if conservative treatment is not effective, surgery may be necessary to repair the ruptured tendon. The procedure typically involves suturing the tendon ends to restore continuity.

Recovery period after Achilles tendon rupture can vary. After conservative treatment or surgery, patients typically need to follow a rehabilitation program that includes physical therapy to restore range of motion, strengthen leg muscles, and improve ankle function. Return to normal activities can take several months to a year, depending on injury severity and adherence to the rehabilitation plan.

Some preventive measures include:

• Muscle strengthening: Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve Achilles tendon flexibility.
• Proper warm-up: Perform warm-up and stretching before intense physical activities.
• Use of appropriate footwear: Use appropriate footwear that offers adequate support and cushioning during physical and sports activities.
• Avoid overload: Gradually increase activity intensity and duration to avoid excessive stress on the tendon.